ORACLE数据块转储及RDBA的转换

转自：http://space.zdnet.com.cn/html/80/289380-1442131.html

很多时候我们在进行进一步研究时需要转储(dump)Oracle的数据块,以研究其内容,Oracle提供了很好的方式,我们通过以下例子简单说明一下:



[oracle@jumper udump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 17:01:27 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select rowid,deptno,dname,loc from scott.dept;
ROWID DEPTNO DNAME LOC
------------------ ---------- -------------- -------------
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAA 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAB 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAC 30 SALES CHICAGO
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAD 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='DEPT';
FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
1 25273 8
SQL>alter system dump datafile 1 block min 25273 block max 25274;System altered.
SQL> !
[oracle@jumper udump]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3142 Aug 31 17:04 hsjf_ora_13674.trc
[oracle@jumper udump]$ more hsjf_ora_13674.trc
/opt/oracle/admin/hsjf/udump/hsjf_ora_13674.trc
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0
System name: Linux
Node name: jumper.hurray.com.cn
Release: 2.4.18-14
Version: #1 Wed Sep 4 13:35:50 EDT 2002
Machine: i686
Instance name: hsjf
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 9
Unix process pid: 13674, image: oracle@jumper.hurray.com.cn (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2004-08-31 17:04:27.820
*** SESSION ID:(8.3523) 2004-08-31 17:04:27.819
Start dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk 25273 maxblk 25274
buffer tsn: 0rdba: 0x004062b9 (1/25273)scn: 0x0000.0057c70d seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0xc70d1001
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x12e3 type: 0x10=DATA SEGMENT HEADER - UNLIMITED
Extent Control Header
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Extent Header:: spare1: 0 spare2: 0 #extents: 1 #blocks: 7
last map 0x00000000 #maps: 0 offset: 4128
Highwater:: 0x004062bb ext#: 0 blk#: 1 ext size: 7
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 1
#blocks below: 1
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0
Unlocked
Map Header:: next 0x00000000 #extents: 1 obj#: 13947 flag: 0x40000000
Extent Map
-----------------------------------------------------------------
0x004062ba length: 7

nfl = 1, nfb = 1 typ = 1 nxf = 0 ccnt = 1
SEG LST:: flg: USED lhd: 0x004062ba ltl: 0x004062ba
buffer tsn: 0rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)scn: 0x0000.0131909b seq: 0x07 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x909b0607
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xa8e7 type: 0x06=trans data
Block header dump: 0x004062ba
Object id on Block? Y
seg/obj: 0x367b csc: 0x00.131909a itc: 2 flg: O typ: 1 - DATA
fsl: 0 fnx: 0x0 ver: 0x01

Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x0001.02a.000003f3 0x0080000b.0188.08 C--- 0 scn 0x0000.0057c70e
0x02 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000

data_block_dump,data header at 0xadb505c
===============
tsiz: 0x1fa0
hsiz: 0x1a
pbl: 0x0adb505c
bdba: 0x004062ba
76543210
flag=--------
ntab=1
nrow=4
frre=-1
fsbo=0x1a
fseo=0x1f44
avsp=0x1f2a
tosp=0x1f2a
0xe:pti[0] nrow=4 ffs=0
0x12:pri[0] ffs=0x1f86
0x14:pri[1] ffs=0x1f70
0x16:pri[2] ffs=0x1f5c
0x18:pri[3] ffs=0x1f44
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f86
tl: 26 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 3
col 0: [ 2] c1 0b
col 1: [10] 41 43 43 4f 55 4e 54 49 4e 47
col 2: [ 8] 4e 45 57 20 59 4f 52 4b
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f70
tl: 22 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 3
col 0: [ 2] c1 15
col 1: [ 8] 52 45 53 45 41 52 43 48
col 2: [ 6] 44 41 4c 4c 41 53
tab 0, row 2, @0x1f5c
tl: 20 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 3
col 0: [ 2] c1 1f
col 1: [ 5] 53 41 4c 45 53
col 2: [ 7] 43 48 49 43 41 47 4f
tab 0, row 3, @0x1f44
tl: 24 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 3
col 0: [ 2] c1 29
col 1: [10] 4f 50 45 52 41 54 49 4f 4e 53
col 2: [ 6] 42 4f 53 54 4f 4e
end_of_block_dump
End dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk 25273 maxblk 25274

很多人经常提出的一个问题是,rdba是如何转换的?
rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)
我们通过这个例子介绍一下.
rdba从Oracle6->Oracle7->Oracle8发生了三次改变:
在Oracle6中,rdba由6位2进制数表示,也就是说数据块最多只能有2^6=64个数据文件(去掉全0和全1, 实际上最多只能代表62个文件)
在Oracle7中,rdba中的文件号增加为10位,为了向后兼容,从Block号的高位拿出4位作为文件号的高位.这样从6->7的Rowid无需发生变化.
而数据文件的个数理论上则扩展到了1022个(去掉全0和全1),在Oracle7中,rowid格式为:BBBBBBBB.RRRR.FFFF
在Oracle8中,文件号仍然用10位表示,只是不再需要置换,为了向后兼容,同时引入了相对文件号(rfile#),所以从Oracle7到Oracle8,Rowid仍然无需发生变化.
在Oracle8i中,Oracle引入了dataobj#,rowid的格式变为:OOOOOOFFFBBBBBBSSS,Oracle通过dataobj#进一步向上定为表空间等,从而使每个表空间
的数据文件数量理论上可以达到1022个
举例说明如下:
在Oracle6中:
比如: file 8, block 56892
26位block号==56892
vv vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvv
00100000 00000000 11011110 00111100
^^^^^^
6位文件号==8
在Oracle7中:
比如:File 255, block 56892
11111100 11000000 11011110 00111100
F C C 0 D E 3 C
\_____/\___/\_______________________/
| | |
| | Block = 0xDE3C = 56892
\_____________
| \
V V
0011 111111 = 0xFF = 255 --注意这里高位和低位要置换才能得出正确的file#
在Oracle8中:
比如:File 255, block 56892
11111100 11000000 11011110 00111100
F C C 0 D E 3 C
\_____/\___/\_______________________/
| | |
| | Block = 0xDE3C = 56892
\_____________
| \
V V
0011 1111 0011 = 03F3 = 1011 --这就是相对文件号
对于我们测试中的例子:
rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)
也就是:0000 0000 0100 0000 0110 0010 1011 1010
前10位为rfile#: 0000 0000 01 = 1
后22位为Block#:00 0000 0110 0010 1011 1010 = 25274
本文出自 51CTO.COM技术博客